Butte and Monterey are less compatible and are more susceptible to symptoms of union mild etch on plum rootstocks than are some varieties. Butte has been used to pollinate the late Nonpareil bloom. When you buy two or more trees, you want to be sure that their blooming period overlaps. All trees are on ‘Lovell’ peach seedling rootstock. Sacramento Valley weather often spreads out bloom, so having at least three different compatible varieties in an orchard may provide the best chance for setting a commercial crop. It produces a quality nut that receives a premium in certain markets and it harvests with the Carmel group. Full bloom timing for common varieties – Almond Regional Variety Trial, Chico. The mature size of trees can range from 12 feet (3.5 m.) to 20 feet (6 m.) high and wide, depending on the type of almond grown. It yields well, but usually commands a lower price than varieties in the Carmel or California marketing groups. Sonora produces a high quality nut and commands a price very close to Nonpareil. Nonpareil, the most valuable and widely planted proven variety, is a hallmark of the California industry developed in 1879 by A.T. Hatch in Suisun. A major issue in Sacramento Valley almond orchards is the compatibility of certain varieties with plum rootstocks (Table 4), which survive in wet, heavy soils in winter better than peach seedling or peach/almond hybrid. It is the standard mid-blooming earliest harvesting variety. The tree is very upright and vigorous, can be difficult to train by pruning, and the tallest upright limbs may need to be thinned periodically to control tree height. Selling the crop at a competitive price and with a good return to the grower is paramount. Bitter almonds contain cyanide. Select varieties with good bloom overlap for cross pollination (Table 2), pollen compatibility with other varieties in the planting, and nut maturities with sufficient separation to avoid harvesting mixed nuts (Table 3). Size of almond trees can be a critical consideration in a small garden. This is a newer almond rootstock, and trials are ongoing. It blooms three to eight days before Nonpareil and can cross-pollinate Nonpareil quite well depending on bloom date. You are better off selecting compatible combinations of almond tree cultivars than individual trees. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! Nonpareil, the most valuable and widely planted proven variety, is a hallmark of the California industry developed in 1879 by A.T. Hatch in Suisun. It has excellent growth, uniformity, and excellent anchorage for young almond trees. Varieties listed under each bold heading are not compatible with other varieties in the same group. Pollen incompatability groups (bold headings). Duarte Nursery offers the most complete selection of almond varieties. There are six primary marketing categories for California almonds (Table 5). When soils are too wet during the growing season, union mild etch can also be a problem on other varieties such as Peerless and Carmel on plum rootstock. Table 2. Table 1. Monterey is harvested late in the harvest season, sometimes as much as 5-6 weeks after Nonpareil, roughly with Mission. It has a good market and is often sold as Carmel. These flowers produce the edible seed commonly known in English as the Almond. If you do research about different almond tree varieties, you’ll find dozens of types of almond trees available. Before selecting a nursery to supply Carmel, have the nursery field representative show you established orchards of varying ages in your region. Table 5. Other Facts about Almond Trees; Some varieties cultivated in France are Ai, Ardechoise, Sultana, Beautiful of Aurons, Ferragnès, Ferraduel, Ferralise and Ferrastar, among others. The tree is slightly smaller in size thank Nonpareil. This disorder results in death of terminal and lateral shoot buds which, after many years, results in the distinctive “crazy top” or “witches brooming” branching and fewer bearing spurs formed. Orchards are commonly planted with every other row a Nonpareil row alternating with earlier and later pollenizers to optimize the pollination potential for the Nonpareil. Size of almond trees can be a critical consideration in a small garden. Nut maturity expressed as when the variety reaches 100% hull split and categorized by the number of days before or after 100% hull split on Nonpareil. Winters blooms between Sonora and Aldrich, roughly 3 days ahead of Nonpareil and has an extended bloom that covers Nonpareil well. At the beginning of the almond industry in California, a number of varieties were introduced, including Nonpareil with Ne Plus Ultra and Peerless as the pollinators. There are many dwarf almond tree varieties that produce nuts of varying quality and grow well with flowering tree varieties. Sign up for our newsletter. Almond Varieties Bob Curtis, Almond Board of California (Moderator) Tom Gradziel, UC Davis Harbinder Maan, M.B.A., Almond Board of California Dani Lightle, University of California. Generally, almond trees thrive in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 through 9. Before selecting varieties for a new orchard, be sure to consult with the handler that will be marketing the crop to get their opinion on the desirability and potential returns per pound of any varieties you are considering. For those growing almond tree varieties commercially, the considerations for selecting trees include the size and quality of the nut harvest. U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones, Recognizing Almond Disease Symptoms: Tips For Treating Sick Almond Trees, Almond Oil Information: Tips For Using Almond Oil, Bees And Almonds: How Are Almond Trees Pollinated, Prickly Kale Leaves – Does Kale Have Thorns, Corn Husk Wreath Ideas: How To Make A Corn Husk Wreath, DIY Air Plant Wreaths: Wreath Making With Air Plants, Why Grow Perennial Legumes – Learn About Planting Perennial Legumes, What Is Blue Yucca: How To Grow Blue Yucca Plants, Dancing Bones Information – How To Grow A Dancing Bones Cactus, Small Summersweet Plants – Selecting Dwarf Summersweet Plant Types, Thanksgiving Tradition: Turning Homegrown Pumpkins Into Pie, Growing Thanksgiving Dinner – Must Have Turkey Side Dishes, Interesting Uses For Pecans: What To Do With Pecans, The Bountiful Garden: Bringing The Garden To Thanksgiving. Monterey is short but spreading. This prevents loss of flowers to late frost. Orchard planted in 1993. Compatability of important almond varieties with Mariana 2624 plum rootstock. Almond Varieties for Future Plantings Opportunities -and Risks Tom Gradziel Dept. Its nuts fit into the California marketing group and harvest timing is with the Butte group. Butte is mature and ready for harvest about the same time as Aldrich, just prior to Carmel but after Price. Not all are. Orchard planted in 1993. Carmel trees harvest near the end of the season just ahead of Mission and Monterey. Sonora harvests right after the Nonpareil group. Your source for orchard news & information in the Sacramento Valley. This variety has very good yield potential, but harvests last among currently planted varieties in the state – about 45 days after Nonpareil. Few varieties of almonds are self-fertile, therefore a combination of varieties are required for a satisfactory crop. Bud failure in 2nd through 5th leaf has the greatest impact on productivity. It’s an old variety but until expansion of the in-shell market it was not planted much due to its high percentage of double kernels which reduced the quality and value of this nut depending on the processor. If you live on the low end of the almond tree’s hardiness range, you may want to select varieties of almond that bloom later rather than earlier. Certain nursery lines have a very low incidence of bud failure. There are no perfect varieties so consider all pros and cons for each variety before selecting those that best fit your specific location and operation. It’s susceptible to diseases much like Carmel and has experienced anthracnose outbreaks in wet years. They differ in aspects that are important to a gardener: time of bloom, mature size, pollen compatibility, and disease and pest resistance. Bloom time is important if you live in a cooler area. Monterey is an effective pollenizer for late Nonpareil bloom and is an excellent producer. The almond tree cultivated in Portugal usually produces almonds with hard shell. Carmel produces a high quality nut with a good shell seal. All trees are on ‘Lovell’ peach seedling rootstock. Your email address will not be published. Thus, use of this variety as a Nonpareil pollenizer is decreasing. Nonpareil is not compatible with Marianna 2624 or M40, but appears compatible with Krymsk 86. At this time, all established and thoroughly field tested almond varieties are self-incompatible, requiring pollen from a different, compatible variety for successful pollination (Table 1). Carmel is also sensitive to a serious genetic disorder — noninfectious bud failure or “crazy top”. Almond Treeflowers appear singly or in pairs before the leaves in early spring, and are pale pink through to white, 3 to 5 cm (1 to 2") diameter with five petals. Required fields are marked *, Copyright 2016 SacramentoValleyOrchards.com | Contact Us | Privacy Policy. It’s susceptible to brown rot but is a semi-hard shell variety that is resistant to navel orangeworm. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. Sonora, an early pollenizer for Nonpareil, produces a valuable nut but in some years has had disappointing yield if it bloomed too early to effectively cross pollinate with Nonpareil. Although a few self-fertile varieties of almonds are available, they are not problem free. It is a low suckering rootstock, and has high vigor. Tom Gradziel, UC Davis. Almond Rootstocks - comparison table for DWN almond rootstocks includes anchorage and relative tolerances to common soil-borne pests. It is susceptible to a range of diseases similar to other early blooming varieties such as Ne Plus Ultra and Peerless. The presence of another early blooming variety can mitigate this problem. Almond Varieties - bloom, tree, crop, harvest and cultural descriptors for DWN commercial almond varieties. As a home gardener, you may be more interested in obtaining easy-care almond tree cultivars that will thrive in your climate. Proper almond variety selection can mean the difference between the commercial success or failure of an orchard. You only want sweet. Popular early pollenizer choices for Nonpareil include Aldrich, Peerless and Winters. Experiments with alternating varieties down the row or increasing the Nonpareil percentage have not proven significantly better in yield or value than alternating solid rows and the arrangement is more costly to harvest. Varieties vary significantly in rootstock compatibility, pollen compatibility, bloom timing, harvest timing, sensitivity to different pests or diseases, and market acceptance/value. If you are planting almond trees, you will have to select among many different almond trees and almond tree cultivars. 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