[187] In fact, the spherical shape of the Earth had been known to scholars since antiquity, and was common knowledge among sailors, including Columbus. [21], In 1479 or 1480, his son Diego Columbus was born. The strongest 500 were sent to Spain to be sold as slaves, with 40% of these dying en route.[78][108]. Numerous cities, towns, counties, streets, and plazas (called Plaza Colón or Plaza de Colón throughout Latin America and Spain) have been named after him. The troops went wild, stealing, killing, raping, and torturing natives, trying to force them to divulge the whereabouts of the imagined treasure-houses of gold. He was born between 25 August and 31 October 1451 in the territory of the Republic of Genoa (now part of modern Italy), though the exact location remains disputed. Columbus is both criticized for his alleged brutality and initiating the depopulation of the indigenous Americans, whether by disease or intentional genocide. Columbus is believe to be buried in Spain at the Seville Cathedral. The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus.His name in Ligurian is Cristoffa Corombo, in Italian Cristoforo Colombo, and in Spanish Cristóbal Colón. Columbus's voyages are considered some of the most important events in world history, kickstarting modern globalism and resulting in major demographic, commercial, economic, social, and political changes. [23] He returned to Portugal to settle her estate and take his son Diego with him. Testimony recorded in the report stated that Columbus congratulated his brother Bartolomeo on "defending the family" when the latter ordered a woman paraded naked through the streets and then had her tongue cut out for suggesting that Columbus was of lowly birth. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [231][232] Although an abundance of artwork depicts Christopher Columbus, no authentic contemporary portrait is known. (, Ferdinand later claimed credit for being "the principal cause why those islands were discovered. He would be entitled to 10 percent of all the revenues from the new lands in perpetuity. His voyages across the Atlantic paved the way for, Columbus's journeys to the Americas opened the way for European countries to. The Columbian Exposition lasted several months, and over $40 million in commemorative postage stamps had been sold. [l] In October, Berardi received almost 40,000 maravedís worth of slaves, who were alleged to be either cannibals or prisoners. The navigator and explorer Christopher Columbus died in Valladolid (Spain) on May 20, 1506, at age 55, following a heart attack. Fact Check: What Power Does the President Really Have Over State Governors? [201][202][203] Consuelo Varela, a Spanish historian who has seen the report, states that "Columbus's government was characterised by a form of tyranny. [144] Unable to travel farther, on 25 June 1503 they were beached in St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica.[145]. Whenever an Indian delivered his tribute, he was to receive a brass or copper token which he must wear about his neck as proof that he had made his payment; any Indian found without such a token was to be punished. While its initial membership was mainly Irish, they took Columbus as a symbol of Catholicism in America. Some modern authors have argued that he was not from Genoa but, instead, from the Aragon region of Spain[13] or from Portugal. [230], Contemporary descriptions of Columbus, including those by his son Ferdinand and Las Casas, describe him as taller than average, with light skin (which was often sunburnt), blue or hazel eyes, high cheekbones and freckled face, an aquiline nose, and blond to reddish hair and beard (until about the age of 30, when it began to whiten). [210][216][217][218] Within indigenous circles, Columbus is often viewed as a key agent of genocide. In the letter that prefaces his journal of the first voyage, the admiral vividly evokes his own hopes and binds them all together with the conquest of the infidel, the victory of Christianity, and the westward route to discovery and Christian alliance: …and I saw the Moorish king come out of the gates of the city and kiss the royal hands of Your Highnesses…and Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians…took thought to send me, Christopher Columbus, to the said parts of India, to see those princes and peoples and lands…and the manner which should be used to bring about their conversion to our holy faith, and ordained that I should not go by land to the eastward, by which way it was the custom to go, but by way of the west, by which down to this day we do not know certainly that anyone has passed; therefore, having driven out all the Jews from your realms and lordships in the same month of January, Your Highnesses commanded me that, with a sufficient fleet, I should go to the said parts of India, and for this accorded me great rewards and ennobled me so that from that time henceforth I might style myself “Don” and be high admiral of the Ocean Sea and viceroy and perpetual Governor of the islands and continent which I should discover…and that my eldest son should succeed to the same position, and so on from generation to generation forever. "[211], Modern estimates for the pre-Columbian population of Hispaniola vary from several hundred thousand to more than a million. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language. [78][200] Thousands of natives are thought to have committed suicide by poison to escape their persecution. Columbus's strained relationship with the Crown of Castile and its appointed colonial administrators in America led to his arrest and removal from Hispaniola in 1500, and later to protracted litigation over the benefits that he and his heirs claimed were owed to them by the crown. In 1494, Columbus sent Alonso de Ojeda (whom a contemporary described as "always the first to draw blood wherever there was a war or quarrel") to Cibao (where gold was being mined for),[101] which resulted in Ojeda's capturing several natives on an accusation of theft. The name Christopher Columbus is the Anglicisation of the Latin Christophorus Columbus. [35] To return to Spain against this prevailing wind would have required several months of an arduous sailing technique, called beating, during which food and drinkable water would probably have been exhausted.
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