Because oil production has not been increasing, the government has been forced to take on additional national debt. Unemployment rates averaged about 40 percent in the Gaza Strip and over 20 percent in the West Bank (Central Intelligence Agency). There are two main political parties within the PLO: Hamas and Fatah. He created the glasnost, he allowed churches to open, and he released prisoners. Independence was granted by the French in 1943. What were the homelands in South Africa? What was so important about the Golan Heights? Located in the middle of an upscale neighborhood in Beirut, this food shop is in a building that has not been fully repaired from damage resulting from the 1975 civil war. Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan make up the Central Asian Republics. Natural resources such as oil and water are not abundant here, and the country often has to rely on international aid to support its economy. 3. After the Arabs lost the first war against the Jewish State of Israel, the Palestinians’ problems increased. The Israeli government characterizes Hamas as a terrorist organization that supports the destruction of the State of Israel. The one-state solution proposes the creation of a fully democratic state of Israel and the integration of all the people within its borders into one country. Lebanon is a diverse country with a large number of religious groups that dominate the cultural and political scene. The government of Syria is led by Bashar al-Assad, a member of a minority ethnic group called the Alawites. Figure 8.28 King ‘Abdullah II of Jordan Visits US President Barack Obama in the White House in 2011. Oil is an important export of the region, with the United States as a major market. Israel gained part of the state that was given by the Arabs (who rejected this land) from the United Nations. Israel was established in 1948. In what way did Pakistan also undergo a partition? The homelands policy was totally unbalanced. The government cracked down on protesters, killing some. Why was the division a problem for the Palestinians? The Dome of the Rock mosque in the background is the third-holiest site for Muslims. What prompted Portugal to eventually grant Angola its freedom? Jordan has demonstrated how a country with few natural resources in a volatile region of the world can proceed down a progressive path despite difficult circumstances. Steven Damron – mini chinese, pizza papa, faysal – CC BY 2.0. What land did Israel gain from the wars against its Arab neighbors? The restaurant offers diverse foods, including Chinese food and pizza. The difference is that in Syria the Assad regime has held total control over a large military and comprehensive control over political and economic activities. In 1980, Israel passed the Jerusalem Law, which stated that greater Jerusalem was Israeli territory and that Jerusalem was the eternal capital of the State of Israel. By 1967, the Arab armies had regrouped and were willing to attack Israel again. Which country’s leaders were involved? Refugees make up a large portion of the more than six million people who live in Jordan today; about a half million refugees from the US war in Iraq are included in that total. The entire city of Jerusalem came under Israeli control. Arab neighbors provide millions of dollars annually. The king allowed municipal elections to be conducted, which allowed for 20 percent of the positions to be dedicated to women candidates. South of the Negev Desert is the Gulf of Aqaba, which provides access to the Red Sea for both Israel and Jordan. World Regional Geography: People, Places and Globalization. It would be the only way to ensure a safe and secure region. Figure 8.32 Lebanon (left); Majority Religious Factions in 2006 (right). The Euphrates River provides fresh water, but it originates in Turkey, where large dams restrict the flow. 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