demonym suffixes

Examples include Lilliputians and Brobdingnagians, from the islands of Lilliput and Brobdingnag in the satire Gulliver's Travels. It was subsequently popularized in this sense in 1997 by Dickson in his book Labels for Locals. United Statian is not used in English, but it exists in Spanish (estadounidense) and is widely used in Latin American Spanish, French (étatsunien(ne)) exists but is rarely used,[2] Portuguese (estado-unidense or estadunidense) but it is not as commonly used,[3] Italian (statunitense) exists but is rarely used, and also in Interlingua (statounitese). Oxonian. Gothamite. New online tool will tell you", "Investing in Future Quiet, Quiet Manhattan Apartments Next to Construction Sites", "Copquin explains "Queensites" for New York Times - Yale Press Log", "Waterluvians! Often used for British and Irish locations. These may use Latin, Semitic or Germanic suffixes, such as: In many cases, both the location's name and the demonym are created by using a suffix, for example England and English and Englishman. Many local demonyms are rarely used and many places, especially smaller towns and cities, lack a commonly used and accepted demonym altogether. Burmese. The term may have been fashioned after demonymic, which the Oxford English Dictionary defines as the name of an Athenian citizen according to the deme to which the citizen belongs, with its first use traced to 1893.[11][12]. Greek-based: -ite. For example, a native of the United Kingdom may be called a British person, a Briton or, informally, a Brit. Thanks for putting that into words. If you come across demonyms without a suffix it is most likely a name the respective people have given to themselves. Why do demonyms have different suffixes? See note below list. Often used for Italian and East Asian, from the Italian suffix -ese, which is originally from the Latin adjectival ending -ensis, designating origin from a place: thus Hispaniensis (Spanish), Danensis (Danish), etc. A demonym (/ˈdɛmənɪm/; from Ancient Greek δῆμος, dêmos, "people, tribe" and ὄνυμα, ónuma, "name") or gentilic (from Latin gentilis, "of a clan, or gens")[1] is a word that identifies a group of people (inhabitants, residents, natives) in relation to a particular place. These include the suffixes: Londoner. These may resemble Late Latin, Semitic, Celtic, or Germanic suffixes, such as: Kurdish. Germanic-based: -ish and -er. [9] However, in What Do You Call a Person From...? Literature and science fiction have created a wealth of gentilics that are not directly associated with a cultural group. Great writeup. It exists more as an adjective or collective noun than as a description for a person. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. There are some trends but generally no fixed rules. The most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location name, slightly modified in some instances. Since they are referring to territorially defined groups of people, demonyms are semantically different from ethnonyms (names of ethnic groups). -i is encountered also in Latinate names for the various people that ancient Romans encountered (e.g. The I at the end comes from what they refer to themselves in the languages of those people e.g. Thats because the dominant tribe Dhulbahante used to be anti-colonial dervishes.Reer Darawiish[1]. Often, the native languages of these people have forms that did not get used in English. There are numerous spelling changes or suffixes which can be attached to the end of the name of a country or place in order to produce demonyms. Norwegian. A demonym or gentilic is a word used for people or the inhabitants of a place. Gabonese. In many cases the noun and adjective forms are the same (Canadian/Canadian); in other cases they are different (Spaniard/Spanish). Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, 2018. Other science fiction examples include Jovian for those of Jupiter or its moons, and Venusian for those of Venus. [citation needed] Thus, "a Chinese person" is used rather than "a Chinese". -wegian. Burqueño. The English language has many ways to create demonyms. I could be wrong here, but I always heard that places where first significant European contact was made by the Portuguese ended up taking on the -ese suffix. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Flemish. Some peoples, mainly cultures that were taken over by European colonists, have no demonym. Norman. For example, word Thai may be used as a demonym, designating any inhabitant of Thailand, while the same word may also be used as an ethnonym, designating members of the Thai people. Can't think of any others though. Since the Portuguese were among the very first to establish meaningful relationships with the far east, we came to know them as Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, etc. Mostly they are from Africa and the Pacific, and are not generally known or used outside the country concerned. Italian. The direct cause would be the Latin name 'Peruvia'. A list of examples, plus a few more suffixes (note several of these are variants on "-ian" combined with different interfixes or connecting phonemes): German. How would -ites have been pronounced? Angeleno. While derived from French, these are also official demonyms in English. The people came before the official government and place name. Fantasy literature which involves other worlds or other lands also has a rich supply of gentilics. "Americano, norte-americano ou estadunidense? In some cases, the demonym preceded the place name. ", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Demonym&oldid=7084541, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, "-ic" is mostly used as an adjective to refer to an ethnic or linguistic group, for example. As a sub-field of anthroponymy, the study of demonyms is called demonymy or demonymics. Yemeni. Sammarinese. This is usually because the two words come from different languages. [3] Demonyms are used to designate all people (general population) of a particular place, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, religious or other cultural differences that may exist within the population of that place. The question came about because I was wondering why we put a “V” in “Peruvian”; I also noticed that “-ese” seems to only be used for Asian countries. -ensis or -iscus, or rather both). On a country level: Demonyms may also not conform to the underlying naming of a particular place, but instead arise out of historical or cultural particularities that become associated with its denizens. I was wondering why we put a “V” in “Peruvian”. In English, demonyms are always capitalized. Filipino. Mostly for Middle Eastern and South Asian locales. In some languages, a demonym may be borrowed from another language as a nickname or descriptive adjective for a group of people: for example, "Québécois(e)" is commonly used in English for a native of Quebec (though "Quebecker" is also available). If you need to coin a new demonym, such as for a novel, then I would use one of the more common suffixes and leave it at that. In the English language, there are many polysemic words that have several meanings (including demonymic and ethonymic uses), and therefore a particular use of any such word depends on the context. [example needed]. These demonyms are usually more informal and colloquial. Sindhi. Conversely, some groups of people may be associated with multiple demonyms. These may resemble Late Latin, Semitic, Celtic, or Germanic suffixes, such as: as adaptations from the standard Spanish suffix -e(ñ/n)o (sometimes using a final -a instead of -o for a female, following the Spanish suffix standard -e(ñ/n)a), Often used for European locations and Canadian locations, (Usually suffixed to a truncated form of the toponym, or place-name.). -ish is also Germanic-based, but less used for a person as it is adjectively used. Some linguistic sources of demonym suffixes in the English language include: Latin-based: -an or -ian are by far the most common suffixes, and are mostly derived from Latin-based names for non-English-speaking countries. These will typically be formed using the standard models above. It sounds fine to say "I met a German" but horribly racist to say "I met a Chinese," and I never quite grasped why. Some linguistic sources of demonym suffixes in the English language include: Latin-based: -an or -ian are by far the most common suffixes, and are mostly derived from Latin-based names for non-English-speaking countries. In most cases a demonym changes the name of a country or specific geographically defined space by altering the ending or by altering the whole world. Several linguistic elements are used to create demonyms in the English language. Of course, apart from all these, there are some renegades with unique etymological history, like for example Cypriot, Swiss, Dutch, etc. The most common is to add a suffix to the end of the location's name. [2] Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place (village, city, region, province, state, continent). "-ish" is usually proper only as an adjective. Pakistani. Berliner. And Fijians who are indigenous Fijians are known as Kaiviti (Viti being the Fijian name for Fiji). It is much rarer to find Demonyms created with a prefix. A demonym or gentilic is a word used for people or the inhabitants of a place. Beninese. Cookies help us deliver our Services. -i: like Iraqi or other demonyms they are probably the result of demonyms in several unrelated languages. Canadian. Galwegian. Senegalese. Israelite. Examples include Martian for hypothetical people of Mars (credited to scientist Percival Lowell) or Gondorian for the people of Tolkien's fictional land of Gondor or Atlantean for Plato's island Atlantis. Since names of places, regions and countries (toponyms) are morphologicaly often related to names of ethnic groups (ethnonyms), various ethnonyms may have simmilar, but not always identical forms as terms for general population of those places, regions or countries (demonyms).

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