However, closer to the foothills of the Southern Alps, there is evidence of some upward vertical movement. We're listening to reports on a wind-up radio. In Christchurch, the worst affected buildings were older, often pre-World War Two, buildings on the fringes of the central business district. Home Bruce Russell, 50, said that although he lives in Lyttelton, a port town to the south of Christchurch, which is on firmer volcanic ground, the earthquake had been "very alarming". Most severely affected was Haiti, occupying the western third of the island. Other minor injuries have also been reported. Police Inspector Alf Stewart told the station that some people had been arrested for looting. Dougal Jerram at Durham University said: "Christchurch sits on what is historically a tectonically active area where the Alpine fault runs right across New Zealand's South Island. Another person from Christchurch, Kevin O'Hanlon, said the jolt was extremely powerful. Photograph: David Alexander/AP. Video footage showed some cars crushed by heaps of fallen bricks. The quake that hit on Tuesday was more devastating for several reasons: it was shallower, much closer to Christchurch and arrived in the middle of local lunchtime at 12.51pm. Tuesday's earthquake was recorded at magnitude 6.3, or roughly 11 times weaker, but it was enough to raze buildings already damaged by the previous earthquake and later aftershocks. A powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck New Zealand's South Island last night, causing widespread damage to buildings, although there were few injuries. The earthquake that brought death and destruction to Christchurch on Tuesday was almost certainly an aftershock of a larger quake that rocked New Zealand on 3 September last year. Authorities were advising residents to stay inside until given the all-clear. At 4:35 am on Saturday 4 September 2010, the Canterbury region was rocked by a magnitude 7.1 earthquake. "It was like the house got hit. I've never felt anything like it.". There was one important difference - this time there has been no loss of life. Muddy mixtures of sand and silt squirted upward through cracks to produce miniature sand volcanoes. Christchurch, which has a population of around 400,000 people, was then rocked with a series of sharp aftershocks. "There is considerable damage in the central city," police inspector Mike Coleman told New Zealand's National Radio. It occurred nearly six months after the 4 September 2010 earthquake. During the first day after the earthquake, the aftershocks were clustered close to the east-west fault trace across the Canterbury Plains. The islands are shaken by noticeable tremors on average twice every three days. The earthquake was blamed for breaking a 30m-tonne chunk of ice off the Tasman glacier in Aoraki Mount Cook national park in the centre of the south island. Many buildings were damaged, but only one person died and few people were injured. State of emergency declared after earthquake with magnitude of 7.0 strikes 19 miles west of Christchurch Jo Adetunji and agencies Fri 3 Sep 2010 19.21 EDT First published on Fri 3 Sep 2010 … The ground above the liquidised layers spread laterally, cracking the ground, footpaths, roads, and houses. Russell said he had not experienced an earthquake on this scale before. Christchurch Earthquake Case Study. Aftershocks from a major earthquake usually continue for many days or weeks after the initial quake. 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) Earthquake. New Zealand itself straddles the boundary between the Pacific and Australasian tectonic plates, which slowly grind into one another. There was one important difference - this time there has been no loss of life. The earthquake was based near Darfield, about 40 kms west of Christchurch. The 2010 Christchurch earthquake that struck the Canterbury region of New Zealand on September 4, 2010 registered 7.1 on the Richter scale and left 2 dead and 100 injured. It just started shaking. Measuring 6.3 on the Richter Scale and, at 4.99 km deep, the earthquake was very shallow. From the offsets, it is evident that movement along the fault has been mostly horizontal. The earthquake occurred on New Zealand’s South Island, 10km west of Christchurch, at 12.51pm on 22nd February 2011 and lasted just 10 seconds. What happened? Shallow earthquakes are usually much more damaging than deep ones. / Recent Events These will be a hazard to people trapped in damaged and weakened buildings and their rescuers.". A case study of an earthquake in a HIC.. What caused the Christchurch earthquake? The zone of aftershocks thus has expanded over time, so it now stretches over 60 kilometres. Some of their walls crumbled, with showers of bricks cascading onto the street, some crushing parked cars as they fell. It's still very frightening.". An exact death toll proved elusive in the ensuing chaos. No deaths have been reported so far but doctors at Christchurch Hospital said they had treated two men with serious injuries. But while last year's earthquake was more energetic, it struck in the early hours of the morning, some 48km outside the city. The iceberg produced giant waves in the park's terminal lake for half an hour. Associated with this are many fault segments. At the eastern end, aftershocks now extend into the southern suburbs of Christchurch and beneath the Port Hills. Creeping movement may slowly extend along sections of the fault that didn't move initially. Clock tower on … The magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred at 4:36 am and was caused by movement of the land along a pre-existing faultline buried deep beneath the Canterbury Plains. ", Last September's New Zealand earthquake was more energetic but caused less damage, Tuesday’s earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand was recorded at magnitude 6.3, greater than many buildings could withstand. Roads, fences, farm tracks, shelterbelts and irrigation channels that cross the fault trace have become offset, in places by over three metres. For example, a magnitude 5.1 aftershock near Lyttelton on the morning of September 8th caused some new damage in Christchurch. Some of these have been strong enough to cause damage to structures that were already weakened by the main earthquake. New Zealand is in a region of extraordinary geological activity called the Ring of Fire, which stretches from Indonesia to the coast of Chile. Schoolchildren in the country regularly undertake earthquake drills. Christchurch airport was also closed as a precaution while runways were safety checked. As the gravels previously showed no sign of having been disturbed, it is likely that the fault that caused the Canterbury earthquake had not moved for at least 16,000 years. The quake hit 19 miles west of the city, on the east coast of the island, at 4.35am local time. The earthquake is thus officially called the Darfield earthquake. Damage to St John's Church in Hororata - Photos Hayden Mackenzie and Sam Hemmings-Sykes. The movements along the fault trace match the movement directions indicated by the recorded seismic waves. The earthquake’s epicentre was near Lyttelton, just 10 km south-east of Christchurch’s central business district. LiquefactionDamage has been heavy in Kaiapoi and some of Christchurch's eastern suburbs, where the shaking has disturbed the underlying ground. Water and sewer pipes in the ground broke and water from the cracked mains flooded many streets. One was hit by a falling chimney and was in intensive care, while a second was seriously hurt after being cut by glass, a hospital spokeswoman said. Because they are so close to the city, they have been felt particularly strongly. The quakes may have occurred on "blind faults", which have been inactive for so long, there are no records of their existence. "There is a row of shops completely demolished right in front of me," she told the Stuff news website. / Natural Hazards and Risks David Rothery at the Open University's volcano dynamics group, said: "The magnitude 6.3 earthquake was a very large aftershock following the 3 September magnitude 7.0 earthquake. Movement along the fault has broken the surface of the plains, creating a visible trace that extends east-west for about 24 kilometres, from Greendale to near Rolleston. On the south island, where Tuesday's earthquake struck, the Pacific and Australasian plates slip past each other horizontally, producing the enormous Alpine fault that runs down the western flank of the island. The powerful earthquake was felt throughout the South Island and lower North Island, with a few scattered reports from as far north as Auckland. Residents have been asked not to flush toilets because of potential damage to the city's sewerage system which could lead to contamination.
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