The world’s leading manganese producers by country in 2007: (metric tons): 1) China 627,000; 2) Russian Federation 37,000; 3) Israel 25,000; 4) Kazakhstan 21,000; 5) Brazil 18,000; 6) Canada 16,300; 7) Ukraine 2,500; 8) Serbia 1,500 [Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Resources Program]. Rare-earth producing countries include Russia, Malaysia, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. The abundance of oil and natural gas has made Russia virtually self-sufficient in energy and a large-scale exporter of fuels. Many people were hurt or killed stealing copper wire. Oil and gas were primary hard-currency earners for the Soviet Union, and they remain so for the Russian Federation. The government has in recent years increased spending to enhance the extraction of the platinum group of metals. Cobalt is rare and essential metal used in super alloys for jet engines, chemicals (paint driers, catalysts, magnetic coatings); permanent magnets; cemented carbines for cutting tools; and car batteries, laptop computers and mobile phones. The market share has however been gradually decreasing due to increased production by countries such as Qatar, the US, and Iran. World’s largest tungsten producers: by country in 2006 (thousands of metric tons) World Concentrate Production, By Country (Metric tons, tungsten content, 2007): 1) China 41,000; 2) Russian Federation 3,200; 3) Canada 2,700; 4) Rwanda 1,534; 5) Austria 1,200; 6) Bolivia 1,107; 7) Portugal 846; 8) Korea, Democratic People's Republic Of 600; 9) Brazil 537; 10) Congo, The Democratic Republic Of The 500; 11) Peru 348; 12) Thailand 300; 13) Mongolia 250; 14) Myanmar 183; 15) Burundi 144; 16) Uganda 75 [Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Resources Program]. Norlisk Nikel is one of the of he world's largest producers of nickel, cobalt and platinum. The details of how some of them got their assets is still mysterious but many of them had key positions within the Soviet bureaucracy that allowed them to grab property. It now ranks around fifth. A nuclear power plant’s aluminum sensors disappeared. Total Anthracite coal production was 14 million tons while bituminous coal and lignite coal was 302.5 million tons and 75.9 million tons respectively. Other challenges include difficulty accessing mineral resources in remote areas in the vast territory. During the Soviet era, gold and diamonds were tightly controlled by the state. The country produced an estimated 22,707 billion cubic feet in gas in 2014. Bykov owns a huge aluminum plant in Krasnoyarsh. Other major producers include Australia, China, and the former U.S.S.R. World’s largest lead producers: by country in 2006 (metric tons): 1) China 1,500,000; 2) Australia 641,000; 3) United States 444,000; 4) Peru 329,154; 5) Mexico 120,000; 6) Poland 85,000; 7) Canada 82,000; 8) India 77,600; 9) Sweden 62,100; 10) Ireland 54,100; 11) Russian Federation 50,000; 12) Morocco 44,800; 13) South Africa 41,857; 14) Kazakhstan 40,200; 15) Iran, Islamic Republic Of 25,000; 16) Korea, Democratic People's Republic Of 20,000; 17) Turkey 20,000; 18) Bulgaria 20,000; 19) Brazil 18,000; 20) Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic Of 17,000; 21) Greece 15,000; 22) Argentina 12,800; 23) Bolivia 12,000; 24) Honduras 10,215; 25) Namibia 10,000 [Source: United States Geological Survey (USGS) Minerals Resources Program]. It is important in the chemical and aerospace industries. Bykov claims the who thing was staged to push him out of the aluminum business. In the 1990s, turf battles between gangsters for control of the aluminum industry left more than 30 people dead. There is a large uranium mine near Krasnokamensk, in the Altai region about 25 miles from where the Russian, Mongolian and Chinese borders all come together. Before Ilim even knew about the court case, a Siberian court ordered that two third of the company’s stock to be seized and turned over to a state property committee, which sold it to Deripaska. It is mined in over 50 countries. It is often added to steel or other metal alloys to help them withstands heat. His wife is Yeltsin’s step-granddaughter. Rhenium is a very rare, durable metal used in high-stress environments such as jet turbines, satellite and gas-fired turbines. The nation’s declining population has also made it necessary to invest in technology. As of 2003, he wanted to sell his share in Russian Aluminum to Deripaska. He has been charged in a U.S. district court in connections with allegations made by a former colleague on bribery, racketeering and ordering murders. Gold makes up 5 percent of national reserves. 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